11 MAR 2025
11:00 - 12:30

Star and Sun Coronagraphs

11 MAR 2025
14:00 - 15:00

Date and time

Tuesday, March 11th, 2025 (Esfand 21st, 1403), 2:00 pm (Tehran zone)


Location

Room C, Floor 2, Farmanieh Building, No. 70, Lavasani St.


Link

https://www.skyroom.online/ch/schoolofphysics/highenergyseminar


Abstract
While fundamental formulations of physics, such as Newtonian mechanics, General Relativity (GR), and Quantum Mechanics, are time-symmetric, the universe around us is clearly not. The quest for an arrow of time has been a longstanding issue. In this talk, I propose a “generally covariant arrow of time” based on quantum (semiclassical) considerations in GR.

6 MAR 2025
14:00 - 16:00

Mathematicians have used machines and datasets to aid their research for millennia. In our time, computational tools such as computer algebra systems, SAT/SMT solvers, Reinforcement Learning, and LLMs play an increasingly central role in mathematical discovery. Complementing these, formal verification and proof assistants ensure the correctness of mathematical arguments, providing mathematicians with instant and extremely high confidence in formalized results and enabling large-scale collaboration. This formal proof revolution is transforming how we produce, organize, and interact with mathematical knowledge.
In this talk, I will introduce Lean, a popular proof assistant based on dependent type theory. I will give an overview of Lean's community-based mathematical library Mathlib. I will survey the state of the art in using Lean in mathematical research. Finally, I will highlight Lean's powerful metaprogramming framework, and how we are employing it in a new collaborative project to bring Homotopy Type Theory (HoTT) and synthetic homotopical reasoning into Lean4.

Zoom room information:
https://us06web.zoom.us/j/81916335336?pwd=5zQT4lutMiBoY5Xp1pkFGtbqiaGozg.1
Meeting ID: 819 1633 5336
Passcode: 559618
Venue: Niavaran, Lecture Hall 1

5 MAR 2025
17:30 - 19:00

Seen through the lens of the Minimal Model Program, the classification of algebraic varieties can be summarised into two main steps: firstly, the algorithm of the MMP allows to decompose a variety with mild singularities, birationally, into a tower of fibrations whose general fibres have ample, anti-ample, or numerically trivial canonical divisor. In view of this decomposition, the natural second step to take is to study these 3 classes of algebraic varieties in detail, for example, studying their moduli theory and/or any other property that could shed light on ways to understand all possible elements that belong to such classes. It turns out a very important property to understand in this process is boundedness: a collection of varieties is bounded when the elements of the given collection can be parametrised using a finite type geometric space. The property of boundedness plays a crucial role in the construction of proper moduli spaces of finite type. Moreover, if a given collection of algebraic varieties is bounded (in char 0), then the topological types of their underlying analytic spaces belong to only finitely many homeomorphism classes: hence, all of their topological invariants come in just finitely many possible different versions. While over the past 15 years, several breakthroughs have completely settled the question of boundedness (and the subsequent construction of moduli spaces) in the case of log canonical models (varieties/pairs with ample canonical divisor) and Fano varieties (those with anti-ample canonical divisor), the situation is still quite unclear in the case of trivial numerical divisor. In this seminar, I will try to explain what is known, or not, and what those challenges are that make the situation quite more complicated than the other 2 cases. I will moreover explain how we can overcome most of the issues if we assume that a K-trivial variety is endowed with a fibration structure of relative dimenesion one. The seminar includes results from various works I developed over the past 10 years with G. Di Cerbo, C. Birkar, S. Filipazzi, and C. Hacon. Moreover, I will talk about current work in progress with P. Engel, S. Filipazzi, F. Greer, M. Mauri were we show various new boundedness results for K-trvial varieties fibered in K3 surfaces or abelian varieties.

https://zoom.us/join
Meeting ID: 9086116889
Passcode: 362880
Website: http://math.ipm.ac.ir/agnt/
Venue: , (Zoom Lecture)

5 MAR 2025
14:00 - 15:00

Locally recoverable codes (LRCs) play a vital role in distributed storage systems where the failure or unavailability of storage devices is a common occurrence. The purpose of LRCs is to facilitate the repair processes required to recover lost or damaged data in such systems. In this talk, we discuss new constructions of (r, δ)-LRCs. Initially, we provide generator matrices for (r, 2)-LRCs, which is Singleton-Type Bound (STB)-optimal. Also, we present a method for recovering an erased symbol in a codeword of our (r, 2)-LRC. We argue an example illustrating that the Gray image of particular Z_{p^{s+1 }} -LRCs of length n results in LRCs of length np^s over F_p, which may not necessarily be linear. This introduces a novel class of LRCs, prompting further exploration of the connections between existing nonlinear LRCs in finite fields and linear ring-based LRCs. Next, we present the parity-check matrices for another family of (r, δ)-LRCs over Z_{p^s} and construct two instances of STB-optimal (r, δ)-LRCs.

Zoom room information:
https://us06web.zoom.us/j/84906984159?pwd=BCWaIbXBuku3A5I84zNg9mHFxVZjXD.1
Meeting ID: 849 0698 4159
Passcode: 362880
Venue: Niavaran, Lecture Hall 1

4 MAR 2025
11:00 - 12:30

Abstract:



We explore a scenario in which dark matter is a massive bosonic field, arising solely from quantum fluctuations generated during inflation. In this framework, dark matter exhibits primordial isocurvature perturbations with an amplitude of O(1) at small scales that are beyond the reach of current observations, such as those from the CMB and large-scale structure. Assuming a monochromatic initial power spectrum, we identify the viable parameter space defined by dark matter mass and the length scale of perturbations. A key prediction of this scenario is copious formation of subsolar dark matter halos at high redshifts. Observational confirmation of a large population of such low-mass halos will support the hypothesis that dark matter originated purely from inflationary quantum fluctuations.

[Based on arXiv:2501.03444]

26 FEB 2025
16:00 - 17:00

The concept of hypergeometric functions was coined by John Wallis in the middle of 17th century as a generalization of many elementary functions. Since then, these functions have played a key role in various branches of mathematics. Great mathematicians such as Euler, Gauss, Riemann and Klein have investigated the theory of hypergeometric functions from various aspects and have shown the role of these functions in the connection of differential equations, geometry and number theory. In the 20th century, with the generalizations of these functions, unexpected applications of them in theoretical physics (string theory) were found, which led to the solution of conjectures in enumerative geometry. In this lecture, we will have a general overview of these efforts.

Subscribing the Mathematics Colloquium mailing list:
https://groups.google.com/g/ipm-math-colloquium
Venue: Niavaran, Lecture Hall 1

26 FEB 2025
14:00 - 15:00

A connected graph, on four or more vertices, is matching covered if every edge is present in some perfect matching. An ear decomposition theorem (similar to the one for 2-connected graphs) exists for bipartite matching covered graphs due to Hetyei (1964). From the results and proofs of Lovasz and Plummer, that rely on Hetyei's theorem, one may deduce that any minimal bipartite matching covered graph has at least 2(m − n + 2) vertices of degree two (where minimal means that deleting any edge results in a graph that is not matching covered); such a graph is said to be extremal if it attains the stated lower bound.
We provide a complete characterization of the class of extremal minimal bipartite matching covered graphs. In particular, we prove that every such graph G is obtained from two copies of a tree devoid of degree two vertices, say T and T ′ , by adding edges - each of which joins a leaf of T with the corresponding leaf of T ′ . Apart from the aforementioned bound, there are four other bounds that appear in, or may be deduced from, the work of Lovasz and Plummer. Each of these bounds leads to a notion of extremality. We obtain a complete characterization of all of these extremal classes and also establish relationships between them. Two of our characterizations are in the same spirit as the one stated above. For the remaining two extremal classes, we reduce each of them to one of the already characterized extremal classes using standard matching theoretic operations.
This is joint work with Amit Kumar Mallik (who was a student at IIT-B at the time) and the late Ajit A. Diwan (IIT-B). Our manuscript is available here: https://arxiv.org/ abs/2404.06445. I will present the necessary background, and describe and prove (some of) our aforementioned results. The talk will be self-contained.

Zoom room information:
https://us06web.zoom.us/j/84906984159?pwd=BCWaIbXBuku3A5I84zNg9mHFxVZjXD.1
Meeting ID: 849 0698 4159
Passcode: 362880
Venue: Niavaran, Lecture Hall 1